Arctic Tragedy Revealed
It took 30 years to learn the fate of the first expedition to fly across the North Pole, an expedition led by Sweden's Saloman Andrée.
          1. First Flights
          2. The Plan
          3. Problems
          4. The Second Attempt
          5. Missing
          6. The Tragic End

Battle at Flood Tide
At the twin villages of Aspern and Essling in the spring of 1809, Napoleon was prepared for battle with Austrian Archduke Charles. He was halfway across the Danube... and then came the flood tide!
          1. Victory From Chaos
          2. A Plan
          3. Progress, Problems
          4. A Crossing Begins
          5. Unknown Positions
          6. Under Attack
          7. Another Day
          8. Retreat
          9. Aftermath

Blood and Silver: The Battle for Celaya
In 1916 the Mexican Civil War's bloodiest battle was fought at Celaya. The peasant hero Pancho Villa commanded one side; his opposition was Alvaro Obregon, a man informed by the bloody failures of Europe's Great War.
          1. The Factions
          2. Four Divisions
          3. Battle Plans
          4. Conflict & Victory

Bloody Battle On Peace Day
On November 11, 1918, World War I officially ended, but for American troops in the Russian town of Toulgas, the war was just beginning.
          1. Men vs. Guns
          2. Russia
          3. War at Seltso
          4. Cunning Plans
          5. Lady Olga
          6. He Who Dares...

Costly Retreat from Moscow
After achieving 'victory,' Napoleon was trapped by fire in Moscow and then had to escape winter's icy grip, his path blocked by a thaw-swollen river that had no bridge.
          1. Moscow
          2. A Conflagration
          3. Escape
          4. Retreat
          5. Nature As Enemy
          6. The Bridging
          7. Tragedy
          8. A Ragged End

Cromwell: A Powerful Historical Figure
An in-depth look at the rise of Oliver Cromwell.
          1. Cromwell

Ernst Udet: Rise and Fall of a German Ace
Germany's second-highest-scoring ace of World War I, the colorful and boisterous Ernst Udet had one of the most remarkable flying careers of the first half of the 20th century.
          1. First Combat
          2. Richtofen
          3. A Blue Max
          4. Udet and the Nazis

Estévanico the Moor
Tales of the adventures that befell three conquistadores and their Moorish slave during the sixteenth century led to Spain's Francisco Vásquez de Coronado's exploration of what is now the American Southwest.
          1. The Explorers
          2. Disaster
          3. Young Gods
          4. Rescue?
          5. Journeys End

Fateful Voyage of Lusitania
The Cunard liner's captain expected a safe Atlantic crossing, but a German U-boat would bring Lusitania's journey to a devastating end.
          1. The Lusitania
          2. World War
          3. U-20's Tactics
          4. A Calm Before...
          5. Under Attack
          6. The Sinking
          7. Opinions Turn
          8. The Long & Short Views

Forces Engaged in the Italian Campaign of 1859
A deeper look at those who fought in the Italian Campaign.
          1. The Forces Involved

Franco-Prussian War: Traitor or Scapegoat?
Marshal Francois Achille Bazaine was a veteran of wars in Algeria, the Crimea and Mexico. But none of those conflicts had prepared him for Prussia's Helmuth von Moltke, or the actions of his own side.
          1. War!
          2. A Weak Army
          3. Initial Defeat
          4. The Scapegoat Is Chosen
          5. Necessary Surrender
          6. Betrayed by a Nation?

French Farce at Fishguard
Two centuries ago, Britain experienced its last foreign invasion. The confrontation that followed in Wales was more farcical than fatal.
          1. A 'Call' To Arms
          2. Failure In Ireland
          3. A Turn To Wales
          4. Invasion!
          5. Official Response
          6. Local Responce
          7. Surrender

French Valor at Verdun
A line of bayonets protruding from the earth still testifies to French valor at Verdun in World War I.
          1: A Strange Grave
          2: Verdun
          3. Barrage & Burial

From Boy-King to 'Madman of Europe'
In this article Gary K. Shepherd recounts the life, and battles, of Sweden's Charles XII, who became king of the enlarged Swedish kingdom at 15 and went on to fight Russia, and Peter the Great, during the Northern Wars of 1700 - 1721.
          1. Charles XII
          2. Peter Reacts
          3. Death & Failure

Genesis of the AEF
Retired French Marshal 'Papa' Joffre helped shape the American Expeditionary Force in World War I.
          1. Jacques Joffre
          2. The Viviani Mission
          3. Petty Politics
          4. Good Planning
          5. Bad Planning
          6. Agreement

Goal With A Price to be Paid
For the Americans determined to prove themselves, the bloody Argonne suddenly began to look like a gigantic trap...a real disaster. But Pershing pushed them onward anyway.
          1. The Proud
          2. Air & Geography
          3. Bloody Conflict
          4. Death & Bravery
          5. A Change Of Tact
          6. Enter MacArthur
          7. Victory

High Drama: Scotland's Dunnottar Castle
Dunnottar Castle has a long history of drama, ranging from the traditionally historical to the very modern.
          1. The Film Star
          2. Civil War
          3. Decline & Renewal

Italy's Breda Ba.65
Italy's Breda Ba.65 was not the best ground-attack plane to see action in World War II - it may well have been the worst.
          1. Ba-64
          2. Ba-65 and Spain
          3. World War II
          4. Worst Plane of WWII?

Italy's MAS Torpedo Boats
Mosquitoes with a deadly sting, Italy's tiny MAS torpedo boats cut enemy battleships down to size.
          1. Torpedos & Boats
          2. MAS
          3. Global Adoption

Jack London, War Correspondent
A winter in the Yukon seasoned Jack London for the hardships and rigors of reporting the Russo-Japanese War.
          1. Jack London
          2. Golden Diplomacy
          3. The Legend

Napoleon Takes Charge
In October 1795, the hero of Toulon was a destitute officer without a command. Then duty suddenly called again - in the streets of Paris, as France's revolutionary Convention came under attack.
          1. Destitution
          2. The Jeunesse Dorée
          3. An Opportunity
          4. Appointment
          5. Murat & Cannon
          6. Tension
          7. The Fighting
          8. Promotion

Personality: Louis XIV: French Mastermind
Although seldom seen on the battlefield, King Louis XIV masterminded the rise of France to a world power.
          1. Louis & His Era
          2. First Conflicts
          3. Defeat, Then Spain
          4. Is This Success?

San Pietro: Capturing the Face of War
Immortalized on film, the fight for an Italian mountain town became symbolic of the arduous Allied trek toward the Eternal City.
          1. John Huston
          2. War In Italy
          3. San Pietro Holds
          4. Tank Fiasco
          5. Carnage
          6. Hidden Enemies
          7. Death & Film
          8. Censorship

Siege of the Moles
The high tide of Ottoman expansion to the west saw the Turks burrowing underground in an attempt to take Vienna.
          1. Janissaries
          2. Suleyman II
          3. Ottoman Invasion
          4. Defences
          5. War Underground
          6. Ottoman Retreat
          7. Consequences

'Splendid Fellows, Splendidly Led'
In 1878, Bulgaria had no army. By 1913, it had one of the most formidable land forces in Europe.
          1. Structure & Arms
          2. War Begins
          3. Adrianople
          4. The Assault
          5. Bulgars & Bayonets

The Claymore Mine
Named after a large, two-edged Scottish sword, the Claymore mine could cut a wide swath of its own.
          1. Hubert Schardin
          2. Norman MacLeod
          3. The Claymore

The Cromwellian Conquest of Ireland
Oliver Cromwell's Irish campaign is remembered for both its brilliance and its bloody-handed ruthlessness.
          1. Cromwell Arrives
          2. Fall of Droghedon
          3. Cromwell Pushes On
          4. Disunity & Defeats
          5. Spring 1650
          6. Collapse & Victor

The Great Zeppelin Raid That Never Was
A daring German raid against London and England's industrial Midlands ended in disaster in August 1918.
          1. The Plan and Attack
          2. Combat Is Joined
          3. Defeat

The Italian Campaign of 1859
Combining such technical innovations as railroads and rifled firearms with Napoleonic-era tactics, French Emperor Napoleon III's short but bloody bid for glory even left the French emperor sickened, but it laid the foundation for a united Italy--and the International Red Cross.
          1. Piedmont Rises
          2. The Railways...
          3. Initial Victories
          4. Magenta
          5. Solferino
          6. The Red Cross

The Swan of the East
The exploits of a lone, resourceful cruiser caught world attention, established tactics for commerce raiding and gave tradition to a new navy.
          1. The Emden
          2. The 'Swan of the East'
          3. The Indian Ocean
          4. Attack on Madras
          5. The Zhemchug
          6. Under Attack
          7. Destruction
          8. Getting Home

The Triplane Fighter Craze of 1917
First the British, then the Germans believed that three wings would give them a fighter with good pilot visibility, tight maneuverability and a better climb rate. But one other issue remained to be addressed: speed.
          1. Triplanes
          2. The Race (1)
          3. The Race (2)
          4. The Craze Ends

William III: Prince of Orange
England's Dutch-born King William III pursued his lifelong war against King Louis XIV of France with strategic diplomacy and personal courage in battle.
          1. A Dutch Prince
          2. War With France
          3. William Invades
          4. James Fights Back
          5. A European Battle
          6. Blessings & Burde

"You May Fire When You Are Ready, Gridley"
U.S. Navy Captain Charles Gridley earned a place in history on May 1, 1898, during the Battle of Manila Bay.
          1. Dewey & Gridley
          2. War Is Declared
          3. Battle Is Joined
          4. Pyrrhic Victory