The history of modern Switzerland reaches back to 1271, when three cantons (Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden) formed the original Swiss Confederation. Over the following centuries this confederation grew and evolved, gaining both independence from the surrounding nations and a central constitution, as well as the famed policy of neutrality during major international crises. The Helvetic Republic, which was formed under the aegis of an invading French army in 1798, was Switzerland's first unitary government, but it excluded several regions which form the current country and was modified within several years.
This is a chronological list of the people who have ruled Switzerland; the dates given are the periods of said rule.
1900 Walter Hauser (2nd time)
1901 Ernst Brenner
1902 Josef Zemp (2nd time)
1903 Adolf Deucher (3rd time)
1904 Robert Comtesse (4th time)
1905 Marc Ruchet
1906 Ludwig Forrer
1907 Eduard Müller (2nd time)
1908 Ernst Brenner (2nd time)
1909 Adolf Deucher (4th time)
1910 Robert Comtesse (2nd time)
1911 Marc Ruchet (2nd time)
1912 Ludwig Forrer (2nd time)
1913 Eduard Müller (3rd time)
1914 Arthur Hoffmann
1915 Giuseppe Motta
1916 Camille Decoppet
1917 Edmund SchultheB
1918 Felix Calonder
1919 Gustave Ador
1920 Giuseppe Motta (2nd time)
1921 Edmund SchultheB (2nd time)
1922 Robert Haab
1923 Karl Scheurer
1924 Ernest Louis Chuard
1925 Jean-Marie Musy
1926 Heinrich Häberlin
1927 Giuseppe Motta (3rd time)
1928 Edmund SchultheB (3rd time)
1929 Robert Haab (2nd time)
1930 Jean-Marie Musy (2nd time)
1931 Heinrich Häberlin (2nd time)
1932 Giuseppe Motta (4th time)
1933 Edmund SchultheB (4th time)
1934 Marcel Pilet-Golaz
1935 Rudolf Minger
1936 Albert Meyer
1937 Giuseppe Motta (5th time)
1938 Johannes Baumann
1939 Philipp Etter
1940 Marcel Pilet-Golaz (2nd time)
1941 Ernst Wetter
1942 Philipp Etter (2nd time)
1943 Enrico Celio
1944 Walter Stampfli
1945 Edurad v. Steiger
1946 Karl Kobelt
1947 Philipp Etter (3rd time)
1948 Enrico Celio (2nd time)
1949 Ernst Nobs
1950 Max Petitpierre
1951 Eduard von Steiger (2nd time)
1952 Karl Kobelt (2nd time)
1953 Philipp Etter (4th time)
1954 Rodolphe Rubattel
1955 Max Petitpierre (2nd time)
1956 Markus Feldmann
1957 Hans Streuli
1958 Thomas Holenstein
1959 Paul Chaudet
1960 Max Petitpierre (3rd time)
1961 Friedrich Wahlen
1962 Paul Chaudet (2nd time)
1963 Willy Spühler
1964 Ludwig von Moos
1965 Hans Peter Tschudi
1966 Hans Schaffner
1967 Roger Bonvin
1968 Willy Spühler (2nd time)
1969 Ludwig von Moos (2nd time)
1970 Hans Peter Tschudi (2nd time)
1971 Rudolf Gnägi
1972 Nello Celio
1973 Roger Bonvin (2nd time)
1974 Ernst Brugger
1975 Pierre Graber
1976 Rudolf Gnägi (2nd time)
1977 Kurt Furgler
1978 Willy Ritschard
1979 Hans Hürlimann
1980 Georges-André Chevallez
1981 Kurt Furgler (2nd time)
1982 Fritz Honegger
1983 Pierre Aubert
1984 Léon Schlumpf
1985 Kurt Furgler (3rd time)
1986 Alphons Egli
1987 Pierre Aubert (2nd time)
1988 Otto Stich
1989 Jean Pascal Dalamuraz
1990 Arnold Koller
1991 Flavio Cotti
1992 René Felber
1993 Adolf Ogi
1994 Otto Stich (2nd time)
1995 Kaspar Villiger
1996 Jean Pascal Dalamuraz (2nd time)
1997 Arnold Koller (2nd time)
1998 Flavio Cotti (2nd time)
1999 Ruth Dreifuss
2000 Adolf Ogi (2nd time)
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