The Ottoman Empire declined during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, fragmenting into a range of new nations. Even the core Ottoman territories were affected and during the late 19th/early 20th century a sense of Turkish nationalism emerged, leading to an internal struggle for power and independence. On Jan 20th 1921, the 'Fundamental Law' created the state of Turkey. More conflict and population movement followed, before the Republic of Turkey was declared on Oct. 29, 1923; a republican constitution was adopted soon after and, having abolished the Sultanate in 1922, the Turkish government abolished the Caliphate in 1924. The Ottoman Empire had ended; Turkey had begun.
This is a chronological list of Turkey's leading statesmen; the dates given are the periods of said rule. Please note: both 'Turkey' and 'The Turkish Empire' have been used to describe the Ottoman Empire.
Prime Ministers
1923 - 1924 Mustafa Ismet Pascha (called Ismet Inönü after 1934)
1924 - 1925 Ali Fethi Bey (called Fethi Okyar after 1934)
1925 - 1937 Ismet Inönü (2nd time)
1937 - 1939 Celal Bayar
1939 - 1942 Refik Saydam
1942 - 1946 Sükrü Saracoglu
1946 - 1947 Recep Peker
1947 - 1949 Hasan Saka
1949 - 1950 Semsettin Günaltay
1950 - 1960 Adnan Menderes
1960 - 1961 Kemal Gürcel
1961 - 1965 Ismet Inönü (3rd time)
1965 Suat H. Ürgüplü
1965 - 1971 Süleyman Demirel
1971 - 1972 Nihat Erim
1972 - 1973 Ferit Melen
1973 - 1974 Naim Talu
1974 Bülent Ecevit
1974 - 1975 Sadi Irmak
1975 - 1977 Süleyman Demirel (2nd time)
1977 Bülent Ecevit (2nd time)
1977 Süleyman Demirel (3rd time)
1978 - 1979 Bülent Ecevit 3rd time)
1979 - 1980 Süleyman Demirel 4th time)
1980 - 1983 Bülent Ulusu
1983 - 1989 Turgut Özal
1989 - 1991 Yildirim Akbulut
1991 Mesut Yilmaz
1991 - 1993 Süleyman Demirel 5th time)
1993 - 1996 Tansu Ciller
1996 Mesut Yilmaz (2nd time)
1996 - 1997 Necmetin Erbakan
1997 - 1998 Mesut Yilmaz (3rd time)
1999 - Bülent Ecevit (4th time)
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