This Day In European History

4th December

Events
963: Pope John XII is deposed by Holy Roman Emperor Otto I for corruption. Pope Leo VIII is the successor.
1154: Nicholas Breakspear becomes Pope, the only Englishman to do so.
1533: The four year old Ivan the Terrible succeeds to the Russian throne.
1745: Bonnie Prince Charlie's invading Jacobite army reaches Derby, within 150 miles of London.
1791 Britain's current oldest Sunday newspaper, The Observer, is first published.

Births
1795: Thomas Carlyle, Scottish historian.
1865: Edith Cavell, British nurse.
1875: Rainer Rilke, Austro-German poet.
1892: Francisco Franco, Spanish dictator.

Deaths
771: Carloman II, King of the Franks.
1075: Archbishop Hanno/Anno of Cologne.
1137: Emperor Lothair II.
1642: Cardinal Richelieu, French chief minister.
1649: William Drummond, Scottish poet.
1679: Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher.
1732: John Gay, English writer.
1798: Luigi Galvani, Italian physician.
1893: John Tyndall, British physicist.

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