This Day In European History

9th March

Events
1513: Giovanni d'Medici is elected as Pope Leo X.
1585: King Henry IV rejects an offer to become sovereign of the United Netherlands.
1796: Napoleon Bonaparte marries Josephine de Beauharnais.
1812: The Treaty of Chaumont, by which the alliance against Napoleon's France agree not to make separate peaces.
1831: King Louis-Philippe of France founds the French Foreign Legion.
1888: Frederick III becomes Kaiser of Germany.

Births
1454: Amerigo Vespucci, Italian explorer.
1753: Jean-Baptiste Kléber, French revolutionary general.
1758: Franz Joseph Gall, German founder of phrenology.
1885: Tamara Karsavina, Anglo-Russian ballerina.
1890: Vyacheslav Molotov, Russian diplomat.
1934: Yury Gagarin, Soviet cosmonaut and first official man in space.

Deaths
1440: Saint Frances of Rome.
1444: Leonardo Bruni, Italian scholar.
1566: David Riccio, secretary to Mary Queen of Scots; killed by Mary's husband.
1649: The Duke of Hamilton, Scottish rebel, executed.
1661: Cardinal Jules Mazarin, French first minister.
1888: Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany.

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