Austrian/Austro-Hungarian Empire
Francis II was both a Holy Roman Emperor and a Habsburg; after dissolving the Holy Roman title in 1806 he continued to rule as Emperor Francis I of a new Austrian Empire. In 1867 internal pressures forced the creation of a dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy.
An encyclopedia article on the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, which ran from 1867 to 1918; includes political and economic commentary.
After a short, but useful, introduction this page presents a tabulated chronology of important social, political and cultural events relating to the Austrian and Austro-Hungarian Empires from 1848 until 1918.
The Ausgleich (which translates as ‘compromise’) transformed the Austrian Empire into the dual monarchy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This is an extract from the memoirs of Count von Beust, who negotiated the agreement, discussing his role.
Devoted to the Austro-Hungarian armed land forces from 1848 - 1914, non-specialists can use this site to augment a study of the Great War.
Originally published in the Journal ‘
New Perspectives’, this article by John Garland discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the dual Austro-Hungarian Monarchy on the eve of the Great War. The above link takes you to Part 1: Weaknesses, while
this link will take you to Part 2: Strengths. The content is aimed towards middle level students.
