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The Execution of the Romanovs

By , About.com Guide

Tsar Nicholas II abdicated in 1917 after a revolution, when the Duma and the army asked him to resign. He returned to St. Petersburg and the temporary government sent him to his family just outside the city. He lived as a private citizen in great luxury, albeit under house arrest, as the government pondered what to do. Nicholas was happy to go abroad until World War 1 was over, and then return privately and have no political role. As the situation in Russia grew ever more complicated, the former royal family was moved to Siberia by new leader Kerensky, who was afraid a mob might try and kill the royals.

The Bolsheviks seized control of Russia, and during 1918 the Romanov’s imprisonment became harsher, as a local, far left soviet tried to clamp down on luxury; some in this body wanted the royals executed. In April 1918 Nicholas II and his family were ordered back to Moscow to stand in a great show trial, but they had to travel secretly in case local extremists intervened and massacred them. At one point the Tsar, Tsarina and some of the children were packed off in carts towards the nearest railway station. However, a battle of wills between the central and local governments saw the plan cancelled and the Tsar handed over to the locals; he and his family ended up at Ekaterinburg. They lived in a house with the windows blacked out, and were frequently mistreated.

Lenin now changed his mind on the desirability of a trial, and with enemy troops closing in on the royals, decided that Nicholas was a threat to his power that should be eliminated. On the night of July 16 – 17 1918, the family were woken shortly after midnight and bought down to a cellar, where they were shot. The bodies were then burnt with acid and dumped in unmarked graves. Despite claims to the contrary, all died, and all the bodies have since been discovered.

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