The German Confederations
The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806, at which point the German lands had been conquered by Napoleon. The Congress of Vienna instituted a German Confederation of 39 states, led by Austria.
German Confederation of 1815-66
A short essay by Tatyana Gordeeva, on the Confederation created by the 1814 Congress of Vienna which transformed the German lands.
A short essay by Tatyana Gordeeva, on the Confederation created by the 1814 Congress of Vienna which transformed the German lands.
Materials for the Philosophy of the History of Mankind
The complete text of Johann Gottfried von Herder’s ‘Materials for the Philosophy of the History of Mankind’, which played a major role in creating united German sentiment. The page also has a good introduction to the document.
The complete text of Johann Gottfried von Herder’s ‘Materials for the Philosophy of the History of Mankind’, which played a major role in creating united German sentiment. The page also has a good introduction to the document.
Map of the German Confederation
An excellent map of the German Confederation in 1815, clearly labelled and in English.
An excellent map of the German Confederation in 1815, clearly labelled and in English.
The Road to National Unification
Part of a larger site on German history by Colby College in Maine, USA, this dense essay analytically examines the major events between 1790 and 1875 that led to German unification.
Part of a larger site on German history by Colby College in Maine, USA, this dense essay analytically examines the major events between 1790 and 1875 that led to German unification.
Wurtemberg 1848-49
This essay by Bernhard Mann discusses the political upheavals that took place in Wurtemberg during 1848/9. However, although the essay is informative, it can also be confusing and badly written.
This essay by Bernhard Mann discusses the political upheavals that took place in Wurtemberg during 1848/9. However, although the essay is informative, it can also be confusing and badly written.