Although history books vary in their subject, covering a vast number of eras and locations, they also differ in form. This 'Before you buy' is a guide to the kind of material you can expect from different 'types' of history book. Please note: there is no 'official' distinction between forms of history book, and these boundaries are artificial, designed solely to offer a guide.

Textbook
Aimed at students, and either written to satisfy the requirements of a course, or cover the essential aspects of a period, the textbook is the basic introduction to a subject. They cover major people, places and events - often with illustrations, definitions and discussion questions to aid the reader - but lack any great depth. Easily accessible, and best read to provide an introductory framework.

Narrative History
A, normally wholly chronological, text covering what happened, when, why and by whom for a specific event or era. Narratives range from the fairly detailed to the wholly in-depth, and often contain the authors own interpretation of events (backed up by relevant evidence) These are the best overall introductions to a topic, often containing more detailed maps and glosses.

Biography
These are detailed books focusing solely on the lives and actions of one (or occasionally two) individuals. Such texts often include context on the surrounding politics and events, and offer insights, comments and explanations for the subject's motives and goals. If you're interested in the individual, then a good biography will prove most rewarding (usually best read after an introductory work).

Essay Collection
A collection of short, detailed, works all relating to a certain subject; most have been previously published in journals or presented at lectures. However, the essays vary in quality and usefulness: if you're just generally reading, these books are an excellent way of deepening your knowledge, but some people (especially students) may find only one or two helpful pieces.

Specialist Discussion
While narratives tend to be broad and straightforward, the specialist discussion tackles one subject in detail, attempting to offer an in-depth examination. Normally making heavy use of primary sources, and referencing a range of opinions, specialist works are available on almost any topic, including the more esoteric or philosophical. The main type of text for detailed reading.