This Day In European History
23rd January
Events1295: Pope Boniface VIII elected.
1516: Following Ferdinand of Aragon's death, Archduke Charles of Austria succeeds to the throne as King Charles I of Spain; he later also becomes Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
1571: The Royal Exchange opens in London.
1713: The Treaty of Utrecht begins bringing closure to the Spanish War of Succession.
1719: The Principality of Liechtenstein is founded.
1793: Second Partition of Poland, between Prussia and Russia.
1849: Prussia proposed a United Germany, not including Austria.
Births
1752: Muzio Clementi, Italian composer and 'father of the piano'.
1783: Stendhal, French novelist.
1832: Edouard Manet, French painter.
1862: David Hilbert, German mathematician.
1891: Antonio Gramsci, Italian politician and Italian Communist Party founder.
1896: Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.
1898: Sergey Eisenstein, Russian director.
Deaths
1002: Otto III, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor.
1516: King Ferdinand II 'the Catholic' of Aragon, Sicily, Naples and Castile, uniter of the Spanish kingdoms.
1622: William Baffin, English navigator.
1744: Giambattista Vico, Italian forerunner of anthropology.
1750: Ludovico Muratori, Italian historian.
1806: William Pitt the younger, British Prime Minister.
1810: John Hoppner, English painter.
1866: Thomas Love Peacock, British writer.
1875: Charles Kingsley, English clergyman and writer.
1931: Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina.
1989: Salvador Dali, Spanish surrealist.
